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Chapter IX - E

Training Programs - SELF-EMPLOYMENT ENTERPRISE

The cornerstone to the successful self-employment endeavor is an effectively developed business plan. The business plan is the responsibility of the customer in consultation with the counselor and other individuals, when appropriate or necessary. The benefits that the customer derives from writing a business plan are invaluable in achieving a successful business endeavor.

The preliminary business proposal, which is also considered a preliminary business plan, will be presented to the counselor's immediate supervisor for review and approval. If approved, the immediate supervisor will forward the proposal to the deputy commissioner for services delivery. The deputy commissioner for service delivery and the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program director (the screening committee) will review each self-employment proposal. They may invite the regional manager, counselor, customer, Business Enterprises Program (BEP) coordinator, or any other individual deemed appropriate to participate in the review and discussion of the self-employment proposal. In most instances, participation by such individuals will be accomplished via a teleconference call. Upon review of the information, one of the following actions will be taken:

  1. Approve or reject the self-employment proposal after its initial review.
  2. Request a thorough business plan to be completed by the customer in consultation with the counselor.
  3. Request consultation for further study from other agency personnel or from individuals in the community.
  4. Approve or reject the self-employment proposal after the business plan, additional information, consultation and/or additional studies have been completed.

There are three situations when a formal self-employment plan is not required to be written. They are:

  1. DBVI is providing adjustment training and other related services for the purpose of job retention for an individual already in a successful self-employment occupation.
  2. The Self-employment program does not require a financial investment in the business by DBVI, e.g., customer may be self-employed as a baby-sitter, attendant, or grounds-keeper.
  3. VR is assisting a customer with a small business (cottage industry) requiring less than $1,500 in VR funding. In this situation, the agency's financial contribution is restricted to supplies and/or equipment only. If on-going operational expenses (rent, utilities, etc.) are requested, a formal business proposal must be submitted and approved by the central office.

The business plan is the process of gathering, compiling, and analyzing information and helps the customer accomplish the following:

  1. The determination for the feasibility of a particular business endeavor.
  2. Discussion of start up with capital.
  3. Development of a "blueprint" for the operation of the entire business.
  4. The creation of a budget, time frame, and strategic direction against which to measure the progress of the business.
  5. The discussion of potential problems and high-risk areas for the purpose of developing solutions and contingency plans.
  6. Discussion of the market opportunities.
  7. Discussion to persuade prospective individuals who will assist in this business endeavor (such as the VR program, customers and/or suppliers of the business) that the proposed business endeavor has a promising future.

There are resources available in the community to assist with developing and planning for small businesses. One important resource is Virginia's Small Business Development Center Network (VSBDC) consisting of approximately 25 centers throughout the state. The VSBDC is a federal, state and local partnership to help current or prospective small business owners by providing business management counseling, site location analysis, licenses and regulation information, cash flow and tax counseling information, technical assistance and training, etc. VR may pay associated fees for the prospective business owner to participate in special workshops presented by VSBDC.

If there is not a VSBDC available, the customer in consultation with the counselor, could use other community resources, such as the Small Business Administration's program, commonly called SCORE, to help in the development of the business plan.

VR Status

When an individual is interested in a self-employment enterprise and is not in an active VR status, then the case will not go beyond status 10 until the self-employment program is approved. If the individual is in an active status (status 12 and above), the vocational goal will not be changed to a self-employment goal until the self-employment program is approved.

Financial Participation

Funding for a self-employment enterprise proposed by an individual in the required business plan will come from one or more resources - financial investment in the business by the customer, VR funds, small business administration loans, bank loans, etc. The business plan must identify the customer's financial contribution to the enterprise thus permitting the customer to share in the risk of going into business. The Self-employment Screening Committee will also require evidence that the customer has been allowed or denied funding from other sources. The type of business enterprise, along with the justification outlined in the business plan, will determine if VR funds are available for the business enterprise. VR will not contribute more than 50% of the cost exceeding $10,000 to establish a business.

The Customer

The customer has the responsibility of reading thoroughly "How to Set Up Your Own Small Business" published by the American Institute of Small Business. This book is set up in two volumes and has 23 chapters. This book will be available in print and/or tape in each of the regional offices for use by the customer. The titles of the chapters are:

  1. My Own Small Business - Getting off to a good start
  2. Market Research - Ask the right questions
  3. Sales Forecasting - A look into the future
  4. Site Selection - Where to locate your business
  5. Financing - Financing your small business
  6. Legal Needs - The law and you
  7. Needs for a Small Business - Getting organized
  8. Advertising - Spreading the word
  9. Publicity and Public Relations - Making news for your business
  10. Purchasing - The right supplies from the right suppliers
  11. Bookkeeping -The fundamentals of bookkeeping
  12. Home Based Business - Running a business from your home
  13. Business Politics - Minding the store
  14. Selling - Ring up sales through salesmanship
  15. Insurance - Insuring the future
  16. Self Improvement - Take inventory of yourself
  17. Personnel Management
  18. Business Plan - Developing your plan
  19. Pitfalls and Helpful Hints
  20. Franchising - Your business partner
  21. Computer Applications - Computer uses for your business
  22. Accounting - Accounting for success
  23. Wrap-Up - On the road to success!

Once the self-employment enterprise has been approved, the customer will receive the needed VR services. The VR customer will remain in status 22 for a minimum of six months and be placed in post-employment services for 12 months. This allows for a comprehensive follow-up program which will enable more supervision, periodic inspection of the business, inspection of records, and an annual inventory inspection, which is the responsibility of the VR counselor.

The customer has the primary responsibility for the business plan in reading "How to Set Up Your Own Small Business." The VR counselor provides support and consultative services. Support and consultative services may also be provided by the VR program director and the BEP coordinator.

The Counselor

The counselor, when necessary, will assist the customer in developing the business plan. The counselor will be the primary person to review the business plan once it is completed and discuss it completely with the customer. When the customer is satisfied with the business plan, it is reviewed with the counselor and the immediate supervisor. The preliminary business plan (proposal) is then forwarded to the screening committee for action.

The VR Program Director

The VR program director, or his designee, will interpret VR federal regulations, provide resource information to the counselor, when necessary, and coordinate the program activities with the appropriate committee members.

BEP Coordinator

The BEP coordinator will act primarily in an advisory capacity. When requested by the committee, the coordinator will thoroughly analyze the business plan. Then the coordinator will send the screening committee written recommendations from the business plan that might determine the business location, projected profits from the program, marketing or sales potential, projected cost of the proposed business endeavor, etc.

The Business Can Succeed

Businesses can and do fail, but there is no reason why a customer should fail if they know how to successfully run a business. Remember--success will come through knowledge, proper preparation, and perseverance.

Suggested Outline of a Business Plan:

Cover Sheet: Name of business, principals, address, and phone number

Statement of Purpose

Table of Contents

  1. The Business
    1. Description of business
    2. Market
    3. Competition
    4. Location of business
    5. Management
    6. Personnel
    7. Application and expected effect of loan (if needed)
    8. Summary
  2. Financial Data
    1. Sources and applications of funding
    2. Capital equipment list
    3. Balance sheet
    4. Break even analysis
    5. Income projections (profit and loss statements)
      1. Three-year summary
      2. Detail by month for first year
      3. Detail by quarter for second and third years
      4. Notes of explanation
    6. Pro-forma cash flow
      1. Detail by month for first year
      2. Detail by quarter for second and third years
      3. Notes of explanation
    7. Deviation analysis
    8. Historical financial reports for existing business
      1. Balance sheets for past three years
      2. Income statements for past three years
      3. Tax returns
  3. III. Supporting Documents: Personal resumes, personal financial requirements and statements, cost-of-living budget, credit reports, letters of reference,job descriptions, letters of intent, copies of leases, contracts, legal documents, and anything else of relevance to the plan.